Neutrosophic Logic in Education: A Thematic Review of Methods, Applications, and Research Directions
Keywords:
Neutrosophic logic, Education, Decision-making, Teaching quality, E-learning, Educational analyticsAbstract
Neutrosophic logic has increasingly been used in education to represent situations in which evidence, judgments, and outcomes are incomplete, inconsistent, or indeterminate. Yet the literature is dispersed across teacher evaluation, learning management systems, student assessment, curriculum design, institutional strategy, and educational analytics. This review reorganizes the 68 studies in the supplied literature corpus into a coherent thematic structure and examines the principal ways in which neutrosophic concepts have been applied to educational problems. Four methodological families are prominent: neutrosophic multi-criteria decision-making, neutrosophic statistics, graph/soft-set and relation-based models, and intelligent or data-driven educational systems. The main application domains are teacher and teaching-quality evaluation, e-learning and learning-management assessment, student performance and educational guidance, and institutional or curriculum-level decision support. The literature shows a shift from isolated conceptual applications toward hybrid decision models and intelligent educational systems. However, cross-study validation, benchmarking, reproducibility, and evidence of practical deployment remain limited. Future research should emphasize transparent validation, comparative analysis, longitudinal educational data, interpretable hybrid AI-neutrosophic systems, and clearer links between mathematical innovation and measurable educational outcomes.
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